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The Socialist Patients' Collective (in German: ''Sozialistisches Patientenkollektiv'', and known as the SPK) was a patients' collective founded in Heidelberg, Germany, in February 1970, by Wolfgang Huber. The kernel of the SPK's ideological program is summated in the slogan, "Turn illness into a weapon", which is representative of an ethos that is continually and actively practiced under the new title, Patients' Front/Socialist Patients' Collective, PF/SPK(H). The original group, SPK, declared its self-dissolution in July 1971 as a strategic withdrawal.〔 The SPK assumes that illness exists as an undeniable fact and believe that it is caused by the capitalist system. The SPK promotes illness as the protest against capitalism and considers illness as the foundation on which to create the human species.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The secret of illness is human species. How to apply the concept of illness )〕 The SPK is opposed to doctors, considering them to be the ruling class of capitalism and responsible for poisoning the human species. The most widely recognized text of the PF/SPK(H) is the communique, ''SPK – Turn illness into a weapon'', which has prefaces by both the founder of the SPK, Wolfgang Huber, and Jean-Paul Sartre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SPK/PF(H), Sozialistisches Patientenkollektiv (SPK), Patientenfront (PF), List of Dates )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PF/SPK(H), Text for entries on the SPK in the Encyclopedias of Brockhaus, Duden, etc )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Proposal for a text for international use concerning SPK. Overview )〕 ==History== The group was founded by Wolfgang Huber and became publicly known in 1970 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Heidelberg. The SPK established a "free space" for political therapy", re-framing illness as a contradiction created by capitalism which could be embraced to bring an end to the system which gave it life. They believed that the sick formed a revolutionary class of dispossessed people who could be radicalized to struggle against oppression. Organizing by sickness instead of socio-economic class allowed middle-class student leftists to articulate their own feelings of psychic and political oppression and to struggle against the status quo in their own right in solidarity with other oppressed groups. Additionally, according to the SPK sickness had the advantage of being familiar to everyone, hence everyone was a potential revolutionary so long as they disavowed the medical establishment. Like other anti-psychiatry experiments, such as Kingsley Hall and Villa 21, SPK questioned the patient/doctor paradigm and ultimately called for an overthrow of the "doctor's class".〔 The SPK collective produced information leaflets, held teach-ins and Heidelberg University studied to recognize SPK as a part of the University.〔English Google translation: ("Turn Illness into a Weapon," ). Original German text: ( "Aus der Krankheit eine Waffe machen!," ) ''Ruprecht (Heidelberger Studierenzeitung)'', Number 35 (16 May 1995).〕 SPK conducted "agitations", called "single" (individual actions) and "group agitations" (collective actions), working from 9 am to 10 pm or later. However, the SPK experiment was criticized by many within Heidelberg's university and psychiatric clinic and the SPK's funding, salaries and meeting space were threatened. Despite opposition to the SPK, in the autumn of 1970 the university convened an advisory panel of 3 experts who recommended that the SPK should be institutionalized in Heidelberg university. To counter this suggestion, Heidelberg university's faculty of medicine supported the establishment of a counter-panel consisting of 3 critics of the SPK who were mandated to campaign against the group. The Minister overseeing both panels ultimately sided with the 3 SPK critics and decided against implementing any of the recommendations from the pro-SPK panel. SPK's funding was subsequently cut and the group was evicted from the university campus.〔 The decision provoked a confrontation between the SPK and the university, which led to a sit-in and attracted the attention of a wider audience, including the police, in a climate of hypervigilance brought about by radical left-wing extrajudicial actions. Ultimately, the collective moved out of the university and into the homes of its members. On 24 June 1971, a mysterious shooting at Heidelberg police station was attributed to the Baader-Meinhof group, and based on that unrelated pretext, the police began conducting raids on SPK members' houses.〔 Three hundred fifty officers were charged with finding the shooter. At its peak, the SPK counted about 500 members; of these, 7 were arrested in the raids, including Huber on 21 July 1971. Firstly SPK was falsely linked to the Baader-Meinhof group〔 but none of the SPK patients arrested was ever condemned due any relation with the Baader-Meinhof group.〔 and neither was ever proved any relation within SPK and RAF. Accounts notice the brutality,〔 legal irregularities and other sort of abuses which surrounded the case,〔 and they also notice this was part of a disinformation campaign against SPK due their revolutionary positions,〔 and thus SPK was criminalized as part of a political persecution.〔 The rhetoric denouncing the SPK as engaged in terrorist activity and a precursor to the RAF re-emerged after the arrest of Kristina Berster, who crossed the US border illegally seeking asylum from West German counterterrorism operations. Berster was acquitted of all conspiracy charges, and the disinformation campaign was exposed by Greg Guma. A West German embassy spokesman stated, "By all accounts the SPC was fairly harmless."〔Connie Paige ("Vermont Town in Uproar over Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Who Wasn’t," ) ''The Boston Phoenix'' (30 Sep 1978).〕 Kristina Berster explained that "the purpose of the Socialist Patients Collective was to find out the reasons why people feel lonely, isolated and depressed and the circumstances which caused these problems."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Socialist Patients' Collective」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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